Periods

JAMES I     1603 - 1625    JACOBEAN
CHARLES I 1625 – 1649 CAROLEAN
COMMONWEALTH 1649 – 1660 CROMWELLIAN /
 COMMONWEALTH
CHARLES II 1660 – 1685 RESTORATION
JAMES II 1685 – 1689 RESTORATION
WILLIAM & MARY 1689 – 1694 WILLIAM & MARY
WILLIAM III 1694 – 1702 WILLIAM III /
WILLIAM & MARY
ANNE 1702 – 1714 QUEEN ANNE
GEORGE I 1714 – 1727 GEORGE I – EARLY GEORGIAN
GEORGE II 1727 – 1760 EARLY GEORGIAN
GEORGE III 1760 – 1811 LATER GEORGIAN
GEORGE III 1811 – 1820 REGENCY
GEORGE IV 1820 – 1830 REGENCY
WILLIAM IV 1830 – 1837 LATE REGENCY/ WILLIAM IV
VICTORIA 1837 – 1901 EARLY VICTORIAN UP TO 1860
LATE    VICTORIAN 1860 – 1901
EDWARD VII 1901 – 1910 EDWARDIAN

English Furniture

English furniture, from medieval times to the 17th century, was generally made of native oak, though elm and beech, were also used occasionally. In the 17th century the Puritan austerity of plain, unadorned furniture, produced a reaction in favour of more decorative woods and more flamboyant styles. With the Restoration of Charles II, walnut came into its own and exotic woods were imported. Walnut was at the height of its popularity in the William and Mary period and at its best in Queen Anne's reign when it achieved an elegant simplicity of line, rarely surpassed since.

In the early Georgian period mahogany was being used, but sparingly as it was expensive. With the repeal in 1724 of the heavy duties on its import from the West Indies and Cuba, it immediately became popular with the cabinet-makers, and by 1750 had supplanted walnut in the public esteem.

Other exotic woods were imported in the late 18th century, among them satinwood. This close-grained wood, of varying tones of yellow, was often used for veneers, and was a favourite of Thomas Sheraton, who designed some of his finest pieces in it.

In the early 19th century furniture became heavier as the revived Classicism of the Regency became popular and darker woods came into fashion, particularly rosewood.

As the Victorian era progressed, the elegance of 18th century line and ornament disappeared and furniture became larger, darker and more ponderous.